Measurement

(This is the third chapter of the first volume of The Scientific Experience, by Herbert Goldstein, Jonathan L. Gross, Robert E. Pollack and Roger B. Blumberg. The Scientific Experience is a textbook originally written for the Columbia course "Theory and Practice of Science". The primary author of "Measurement" is Jonathan L. Gross, and it has been edited and prepared for the Web by Blumberg. It appears at MendelWeb, for non-commercial educational use only. Although you are welcome to download this text, please do not reproduce it without the permission of the authors.)

Measurement

• 3.0: Introduction
• 3.1: Nominal, ordinal, and interval scales
• 3.2: What observations can you trust?
• 3.3: From observation to prediction: the role of models
• 3.4: Obstructions to measurement
• 3.5: Exercises
• 3.6: Notes

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Table 3.1

  Floor:                      8    16   24   32   40
  Distance to Ground (ft.)   96   192  288  384  480
  Drop time (sec.)         2.45  3.46 4.24 4.90 5.48

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Table 3.2

   Name of Dropper:   YY    Sal    John   David   Kathy
   Name Length:        2     3       4      5       5
   Drop time (sec.): 2.45  3.46    4.24   4.90    5.48

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Table 3.3

   Time (months):    0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8
   Number of Pairs:  1   1   2   3   5   8  13  21  34

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Table 3.4

              State    Population    Proportion
        
                A       4,500,000       .045
        
                B      10,700,000       .107
			
                C      31,100,000       .311
			
                D      53,700,000       .537
			
             Totals:  100,000,000      1.000

      
  

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Table 3.5

        
         State      Proportion     Exact Fair Share
        
           A          .045              1.35
        
           B          .107              3.215
	
           C          .311              9.33
			
           D          .537             16.11
			
        Totals:      1.000             30.00


        

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Table 3.6

        
          State      Proportion     Exact Fair Share
        
            A          .045               1.39
        
            B          .107               3.32
			
            C          .311               9.64
			
            D          .537              16.65
			
          Totals:     1.000              31.00

        

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Table 3.7

           Ranking Order        Number of Voters 

            A > B > C                  32 
        
            B > C > A                  33
  
            C > A > B                  35 
        
              Total:                  100